| dc.description.abstract | In this essay, Prof. John M. Brenner examines Pietism as both a historical movement and enduring theological mindset. Originating in 17th-century Germany, Pietism arose in reaction to perceived dead orthodoxy and moral decline, emphasizing sanctification over justification and fostering religious subjectivism. Brenner traces its development through key figures like Spener and Francke, its influence on American Protestantism, and its infiltration into Lutheranism via revivalism, decision theology, and the Charismatic movement. He critiques Pietism’s legalism, synergism, and tendency to prioritize emotional experience over the objective truths of Scripture and the means of grace. Brenner warns that modern evangelicalism often mirrors Pietistic errors and urges confessional Lutherans to remain grounded in sound doctrine, proper law-gospel distinction, and faithful use of Word and Sacrament. The essay concludes with practical remedies for resisting Pietism’s influence in preaching, teaching, worship, and pastoral care.
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